The African Union and the Sahara: From 2017 Return to 2025 Momentum
Morocco's 2017 Return
On 30 January 2017, Morocco was readmitted to the African Union after a 33-year absence, becoming the bloc's 55th member with a majority of member states voting in favour.
Morocco had left the organization's predecessor in 1984 over the admission of the Sahrawi entity. Its return reflected a strategic decision to defend its position from within the continental body.
A Strategy of Engagement
By rejoining, Rabat aimed to strengthen its leadership in Africa and reshape the debate on the Sahara, which had long tilted toward the Sahrawi cause within the AU.
Morocco coupled its membership with extensive economic diplomacy, investment and cooperation across the continent, building goodwill among many African capitals.
Shifting Continental Balance
A substantial share of African Union member states have opened consulates in Laayoune and Dakhla, reflecting growing African support for Moroccan sovereignty.
Endorsements such as Kenya's in May 2025 illustrated how influential African states have realigned toward the autonomy plan in recent years.
An Ongoing Debate
The Sahrawi entity remains an AU member, and some states, including Algeria and South Africa, continue to support its position, keeping the issue contested within the bloc.
Even so, Morocco argues that the trend within Africa has moved steadily in its favour, with the UN process now recognized as the primary track for resolution.
Frequently asked
When did Morocco rejoin the African Union?
On 30 January 2017, after a 33-year absence, as the bloc's 55th member.
Why did Morocco rejoin?
To defend its position on the Sahara from within the AU and deepen its leadership role in Africa.
Do all African states support Morocco's position?
No. While many have shifted toward the autonomy plan, states such as Algeria and South Africa continue to back the Sahrawi entity.